Enlarge / The Atacama Desert today is barren, its sands encrusted with salt. And yet there were thriving human settlements there 12,000 years ago. (credit: Vallerio Pilar)
When humans first arrived in the Americas, roughly 18,000 to 20,000 years ago, they traveled by boat along the continents’ shorelines. Many settled in coastal regions or along rivers that took them inland from the sea. Some made it all the way down to Chile quite quickly; there’s evidence for a human settlement there from more than 14,000 years ago at a site called Monte Verde. Another settlement called Quebrada Maní, dating back almost 13,000 years, was recently discovered north of Monte Verde in one of the most arid deserts in the world: the Atacama, whose salt-encrusted sands repel even the hardiest of plants. It seemed an impossible place for early humans to settle, but now we understand how they did it.
At a presentation during the American Geophysical Union meeting this month, UC Berkeley environmental science researcher Marco Pfeiffer explained how he and his team investigated the Atacama desert’s deep environmental history. Beneath the desert’s salt crust, they found a buried layer of plant and animal remains between 9,000 and 17,000 years old. There were freshwater plants and mosses, as well as snails and plants that prefer brackish water. Quickly it became obvious this land had not always been desert—what Pfeiffer and his colleagues saw suggested wetlands fed by fresh water.
Quaternary Science Reviews
How humans survived in the barren Atacama Desert 13,000 years ago
No comments:
Post a Comment